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Criminal Harassment Lawyer Toronto

Defending Criminal Harassment Charges in Toronto

Criminal harassment, or "stalking", as it is commonly referred to, consists of repeated behaviour that has the intention of harassing, frightening, annoying, or other actions displaying obsessive and unwanted conduct directed towards another individual "without lawful authority". For those facing criminal harassment charges, it is important to hire an experienced criminal defence lawyer to defend against these types of allegations.

Our firm is repeatedly recognized as one of the country's best criminal defence law firms — named among Canada's Top Criminal Law Boutiques by Canadian Lawyer Magazine, and ranked by Best Lawyers among the nation's leading criminal defence and appellate law firms. We are one of only a handful of Canadian criminal defence firms honoured by The Globe and Mail as one of Canada's Best Law Firms for 2026, and we are frequent winners in the Toronto Star Readers' Choice Awards for Best Law Firm and Best Legal Services.

Our lawyers regularly appear in courthouses across the GTA, including Toronto, Brampton, Milton, Newmarket, and Oshawa. Criminal harassment charges often result in our clients' charges being withdrawn by the prosecutor or dismissed in court by the judge.

For those facing domestic related criminal harassment allegations, specific considerations apply. Please read our article on defending domestic assault charges to learn more about defending this category of cases. For more information about criminal harassment charges, please continue reading the frequently asked questions below.

Frequently asked questions about criminal harassment:

What must the prosecutor prove in a criminal harassment case?

1) In order to prove a criminal harassment allegation in court, it must be proven that the accused person has engaged any of the following conduct:

  • repeatedly following the complainant or someone known to the complainant;
  • repeatedly communicating with the complainant or someone known to the complainant (either directly or indirectly);
  • watching or besetting a place where the complainant or someone known to the complainant lives, works, carries on business or "happens to be"; or
  • Employing "threatening conduct" towards the complainant or a member of the complainant's family.

2) It must be established that the complainant was harassed;

3) It must be established that the accused who engaged in such conduct knew that the complainant was harassed or was reckless or willfully blind as to whether the complainant was harassed;

4) It must be established that the conduct caused the complainant to fear for her safety or the safety of anyone known to her; and

5) It must be established that the complainant's fear was, in all of the circumstances, reasonable.

Must the prosecutor prove that the complainant suffered some harm to constitute harassment?

The prosecutor doesn't need to prove that the complainant was actually threatened, or that any actual injury – either physical or mental – was caused to the complainant as a result of the accused person's conduct.

What does "repeatedly" following or communicating mean?

"Repeatedly" means "many times over", specifically more than once or twice. The conduct must be overly frequent in all the circumstances. Whether the conduct is overly frequent is a matter of fact to be determined by the court on a case by case basis. There is no hard and fast rule as to what will in every case, numerically at least, constitute conduct which is overly frequent.

What type of conduct will meet the definition of criminal harassment?

"Harassment" means the conduct must be unwelcome to the complainant, and includes an element of tormenting the complainant; engaging in a course of vexatious comment or conduct that is known or ought reasonably to be known to be unwelcome. Harassment must be something more than simply annoying someone.

How does the court assess whether the complainant's fear is "reasonable"?

The test for reasonable fear on the part of the complainant involves an inquiry into whether a reasonable person, in the particular circumstances of the complainant, would fear for his or her safety or the safety of anyone known to him or her.

In considering whether the complainant's fears are reasonably held, the court must take into consideration the complainant's gender, and the history and circumstances surrounding the prior relationship between the accused and the complainant.

What is a defence to harassment?

The Criminal Code specifically requires that the harassment be without "lawful authority". Therefore, if someone has a lawful reason to contact another person such as to enforce a civil debt or family court order etc., they would not be guilty of criminal harassment.

What are the penalties for criminal harassment?

A person convicted of criminal harassment could face up to 10 years in prison. A conviction for criminal harassment may also lead to a criminal record, fines, probation and/or a restraining order being placed against them not to contact the victim of the harassment. In some cases, it is possible to avoid jail and a criminal record even if a person is found guilty of criminal harassment. The nature of the offence and the personal circumstances of the offender will be considered by the judge at the sentencing hearing.

Related Practice Areas

  • Domestic Assault: Often connected to criminal harassment charges.
  • Assault: Frequently charged alongside harassment allegations.
  • Distributing an Intimate Image: Sometimes overlaps with harassment in domestic situations.
  • Mischief: Related or overlapping conduct under criminal law.
  • Bail Hearings: We handle bail hearings and detention reviews for all criminal charges.
  • Criminal Appeals: Learn more about how you can appeal your conviction or sentence.

If you have been charged with criminal harassment, contact Daniel Brown Law at (416) 297-7200 to arrange a consultation.